Spain’s Airport Charges Could See 4.9% Annual Reduction: Airlines Urge Change for Competitive Growth in 2026

Spain – Recently, the Spanish Airline Association (ALA) and the International Air Transport Association (IATA) made a joint proposal regarding the Spanish aviation sector. Specifically, the organizations suggest for the next five years, (from 2027 to 2031) there to be a proposed annual reduction for the Spanish airport charges to be 4.9% (not including the rate of inflation) one time as a means to sustain Spain’s economic advantage keeps Spain as a viable option for international travel.
The Spanish airports are primarily operated by AENA, the country’s leading airport operator. AENA had previously proposed a 3.8% increase in charges per year over the next five years under the Third Airport Regulation Document (DORA III). However, the IATA and ALA have strongly opposed this proposal, arguing that AENA’s traffic forecasts have been inaccurate for years, resulting in excess charges imposed on airlines and passengers.
AENA’s Excessive Returns Under Scrutiny
The crux of the disagreement stems from AENA’s underestimation of passenger traffic growth during previous regulatory periods. From 2017 to 2025, passenger numbers exceeded AENA’s forecasts by an average of 15.3%, excluding the pandemic years. This gap between forecasts and actual traffic resulted in AENA earning an estimated €1.3 billion in excess regulated returns, which were ultimately passed on to airlines and consumers in the form of higher charges.
In the most recent year available (2024), AENA’s regulated return reached 10.2%, exceeding its expected return by four percentage points. This meant that nearly €400 million was overpaid by airlines and passengers alone, further highlighting the growing frustration with AENA’s financial practices.
Rafael Schvartzman, IATA’s Regional Vice President for Europe, expressed his concerns, stating that AENA had manipulated the regulatory system for years, earning millions of euros more than it should have, to the detriment of passengers, airlines, and the Spanish economy. He emphasized that this practice must end, warning that if AENA’s proposal were granted, it would result in the highest regulated return of any comparable airport operator in Europe, describing it as unsustainable and unrealistic.
IATA and ALA’s Proposal: A Competitive Edge for Spain
IATA and ALA’s proposed 4.9% reduction in airport charges, however, would not hinder AENA from fulfilling its planned €10 billion investment program, which is designed to enhance Spain’s airport infrastructure. According to studies commissioned by both organizations from global consultancies Steer and CEPA, passenger traffic in Spain is expected to grow by around 3.6% annually on average, much higher than AENA’s more conservative estimate of 1.3%.
Under this more optimistic forecast, AENA would still be able to meet its financial obligations and fund the €10 billion investment plan, all while earning a return of 6.35% on capital. This return would be higher than what was originally intended under DORA II and would still provide reasonable returns to shareholders.
Schvartzman emphasized the broader economic benefits of the proposal, stating that a 4.9% reduction in charges would enhance Spain’s competitiveness as an international destination, driving investment and job creation across the wider economy. He added that, at the same time, AENA would still be able to fund its €10 billion investment plan and provide reasonable returns to its shareholders, describing it as a win-win situation for passengers, Spain, and the aviation industry.
A Shift Toward Sustainability and Reasonable Returns
IATA and ALA argue that reducing airport charges would not only benefit airlines and passengers but also lead to greater economic growth for Spain. The proposal seeks to strike a balance between sustainable airport investments and ensuring that Spain remains a competitive and attractive destination for international travelers.
By offering a more reasonable return on capital and reducing the financial burden on airlines, the industry could experience greater investment opportunities, including new routes and infrastructure developments that could further boost Spain’s economic competitiveness. Moreover, the reduction in charges would make flying more affordable for passengers, stimulating demand for air travel and supporting the broader tourism sector.
A Look Ahead: What’s Next for Spain’s Aviation Industry?
The Spanish aviation industry is at a pivotal moment. With AENA’s proposal for increased charges and the IATA and ALA’s counterproposal for a reduction, regulators will need to carefully consider the evidence and make decisions that will affect not only the airline industry but also the Spanish economy at large.
As Spain approaches its 250th anniversary in 2026, maintaining a competitive edge in global tourism and air travel is paramount. The right decision on airport charges will play a significant role in ensuring that Spain continues to attract visitors from around the world while providing high-quality, efficient airport services.
Conclusion: Looking Towards a More Competitive Future for Spain
As negotiations continue, IATA and ALA are hopeful that regulators will take into account the potential benefits of reducing airport charges for both the aviation sector and the broader Spanish economy. A reduction in fees would allow airlines to pass on savings to consumers, encouraging growth in the tourism industry while still enabling AENA to fulfill its ambitious investment plans.
Spain’s aviation landscape stands at a crossroads, and the coming years will be critical in determining how airport charges are regulated. By aligning charges with the growth of passenger traffic, Spain can ensure that its airports remain competitive on the global stage while still maintaining the high standards of service and infrastructure that travelers expect.
As we move toward 2027 and beyond, the aviation industry and the Spanish economy will benefit from more reasonable airport charges, fostering a thriving, competitive environment for both passengers and airlines alike.
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